
Introduction Flooding is no longer an occasional inconvenience in Nigeria; it has become a recurring national crisis. Year after year, lives are lost, properties are destroyed, and livelihoods are disrupted as communities struggle to adapt to increasingly severe and frequent flood events. From the overflowing banks of the Niger River

Introduction Benue State, once known as the “Food Basket of the Nation,” has become a tragic symbol of Nigeria’s deepening insecurity crisis. For years, reports of attacks, displacement, and violent killings have poured in from the region. These events are not just statistics, they represent shattered families, lost livelihoods, and